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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...

Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...

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Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Three Different Protocols of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Keratoconus: Conventional, Accelerated and Iontophoresis

Three Different Protocols of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Keratoconus: Conventional, Accelerated and Iontophoresis

Published on: November 12, 2015

Global consensus on keratoconus and ectatic diseases.

José A P Gomes¹, Donald Tan, Christopher J Rapuano

¹*Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil; †Cornea Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore; ‡Cornea Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; §Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; ¶Instituto de Olhos Renato Ambrósio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; ‖Department of Ophthalmology, Autonoma University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; **Service d'Ophtalmologie, CHU Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France; ††Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan; and ‡‡Center for Ocular Regeneration (CORE), L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.

|March 5, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Ophthalmology experts reached global consensus on diagnosing and managing keratoconus and ectatic corneal diseases. This provides updated guidelines for clinical and surgical treatments, including corneal cross-linking and transplantation.

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Corneal Diseases

Background:

Existing knowledge on keratoconus and ectatic corneal diseases is extensive but contains controversies.
There is a need for updated guidelines for diagnosis and management.

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