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Related Concept Videos

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Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians typically use imaginary lines to categorize the abdominopelvic cavity into either four quadrants or nine regions to identify organs in the cavity.
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Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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[Classification of upper sacral segment based on continuous axial pelvic computed tomography scan].

Hong-min Cai, Shu-tu Gao, Chuan-de Cheng

    Zhongguo Gu Shang = China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
    |March 6, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study classifies upper sacral segments into normal, transitional, and dysplastic types based on CT scans. This classification is crucial for guiding transverse iliosacral screw placement in pelvic surgeries.

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    Area of Science:

    • Anatomy
    • Radiology
    • Orthopedic Surgery

    Background:

    • Pelvic fractures often require surgical fixation.
    • Accurate assessment of sacral anatomy is vital for successful screw placement.
    • Variations in upper sacral morphology can impact surgical outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To establish a classification system for the upper sacral segment.
    • To determine the clinical significance of this classification for screw insertion.
    • To utilize computed tomography (CT) scans for detailed anatomical evaluation.

    Main Methods:

    • Analyzed 127 pelvic CT scans (2.0 mm axial slices).
    • Classified upper sacral segments based on transverse screw channel dimensions.
    • Defined normal (>7.3 mm width), transitional (≤7.3 mm width), and dysplastic (absent/≤0 mm width) types.

    Main Results:

    • Identified 45.7% normal, 33.1% transitional, and 21.2% dysplastic segments.
    • Average transverse screw channel widths were 13.9 mm (normal), 5.2 mm (transitional), and 0.9 mm (dysplastic).
    • All specimens fit into one of the three defined categories.

    Conclusions:

    • Normal upper sacral segments accommodate transverse iliosacral screws.
    • Transitional and dysplastic segments contraindicate screw placement due to limited or absent channels.
    • Transitional segments offer slightly better placement options than dysplastic ones.