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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills

Published on: January 19, 2024

Observer perspective imagery with stuttering.

Robyn Lowe¹, Ross Menzies, Ann Packman

¹Australian Stuttering Research Centre, The University of Sydney , Lidcombe, NSW Australia.

International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology

|March 6, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Adults who stutter are more likely to experience observer perspective imagery during anxious situations. This cognitive bias may contribute to the persistence of social anxiety disorder in those who stutter.

Keywords:

Stuttering imagery observer perspective

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

Adults who stutter face increased risk for psychological conditions, notably social anxiety disorder.
Observer perspective imagery, a cognitive process, is implicated in maintaining anxiety disorders.
This involves viewing oneself from an external viewpoint, contrasting with a field perspective (viewing the environment).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the prevalence of observer perspective imagery in adults who stutter.
To determine if stuttering is associated with a specific imagery perspective during anxious situations.

Main Methods:

A semi-structured interview (Hackmann et al., 1998) was administered to 30 adults who stutter and 30 controls.
Researchers compared image recall frequency, perspective (observer vs. field), and emotional valence between groups.

Main Results:

Adults who stutter recalled significantly more images from an observer perspective compared to controls.
This difference was particularly notable when recalling anxious situations.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest a potential attentional processing bias in stuttering, similar to that seen in other anxiety disorders.
Observer perspective imagery may help explain the persistence of social anxiety disorder in adults who stutter.
Clinical implications for managing anxiety in this population are discussed.