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Does selenium supplementation affect thyroid function? Results from a randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial in

Kristian Hillert Winther1, Steen Joop Bonnema2, Frederik Cold2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismOdense University Hospital, Kloevervaenget 10, 6. Sal, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkDepartment of OncologyOdense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of EpidemiologyBiostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyOdense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark kristian.winther@rsyd.dk.

European Journal of Endocrinology
|March 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Selenium supplementation in euthyroid individuals with marginal selenium deficiency caused minor, dose-dependent decreases in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4). These findings suggest selenium supplementation is not recommended in such cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Selenium is crucial for thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism, acting within key proteins.
  • Suboptimal dietary selenium intake can impact thyroid function.
  • Understanding selenium's role in thyroid health is vital for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dose-dependent effects of selenium supplementation on thyroid function.
  • To assess these effects in individuals with suboptimal dietary selenium intake.
  • To evaluate changes in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4).

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial (DK-PRECISE) involving 491 participants aged 60-74 years.
  • Participants received 100, 200, or 300 μg/day of selenium-enriched yeast or placebo for 5 years.
  • Plasma selenium and serum TSH, FT3, and FT4 levels were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 5 years.

Main Results:

  • Selenium supplementation significantly increased plasma selenium concentrations in a dose-dependent manner.
  • Serum TSH and FT4 levels decreased significantly and dose-dependently with increasing selenium intake.
  • No significant effects were observed on FT3 levels or the FT3:FT4 ratio.

Conclusions:

  • Selenium supplementation in euthyroid subjects with marginal selenium deficiency results in minor, dose-dependent reductions in TSH and FT4.
  • Current evidence does not support selenium supplementation for thyroid function under these specific conditions.
  • The potential role of selenium in treating autoimmune thyroid diseases remains an open question.