Marine Tar Residues: a Review

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Marine Biology
• Oceanography

Background:

• Marine tar residues originate from natural and anthropogenic oil releases.
• Weathering, sedimentation, and other processes transform liquid petroleum into tar balls, mats, and patties.
• These residues pose risks to coastal recreation, seafood industries, and wildlife.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current knowledge on marine tar residue formation, transport, degradation, and distribution.
• To discuss methods for detection and removal of marine tar residues.
• To highlight areas for future marine tar research, emphasizing benthic residues and Deepwater Horizon impacts.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of marine tar residue research.
• Synthesis of information on tar formation, transport, and degradation processes.
• Focus on case studies, including the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

Main Results:

• Marine tar residues exhibit diverse forms and sizes, persisting indefinitely in marine environments.
• Residues are transported by currents and waves, impacting coastal areas.
• Benthic tar residues, particularly from Deepwater Horizon, continue to affect the Gulf of Mexico.

Conclusions:

• Understanding marine tar residue dynamics is crucial for mitigating ecological and economic impacts.
• Effective detection and removal strategies are needed.
• Further research is warranted, especially on long-term benthic impacts and remediation techniques.