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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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The Oral Microbiota01:27

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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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What is the Immune System?01:38

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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[Microbiota and autoimmunity].

Sachiko Miyake1

  • 1Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine.

Nihon Rinsho Men'Eki Gakkai Kaishi = Japanese Journal of Clinical Immunology
|March 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiome influences immune system development and autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Research explores how microbes impact these conditions in animal models and humans.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Context:

  • The host immune system's development and maintenance are critically influenced by the microbiota.
  • Microbiota impacts the induction and expansion of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells.
  • Growing evidence links the microbiome to the induction and disease progression of autoimmune disorders.

Purpose:

  • To review recent studies on the role of microbes in animal models of autoimmune diseases.
  • To introduce studies analyzing microbiota in human autoimmune diseases.
  • To highlight the connection between microbiome and autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS).

Summary:

  • This review examines the involvement of microbes in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Studies utilizing germ-free conditions, antibiotic treatments, and gnotobiotic mice are discussed.
  • The review also covers analyses of microbiota in human patients with RA and MS.

Impact:

  • Provides insights into the microbiome's role in autoimmune disease pathogenesis.
  • Highlights the potential of targeting the microbiome for therapeutic interventions in RA and MS.
  • Underscores the importance of the gut microbiome in immune homeostasis and disease development.