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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Quantification of Global Diastolic Function by Kinematic Modeling-based Analysis of Transmitral Flow via the Parametrized Diastolic Filling Formalism
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Quantification of Global Diastolic Function by Kinematic Modeling-based Analysis of Transmitral Flow via the Parametrized Diastolic Filling Formalism

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Diastolic dysfunction.

Euy-Myoung Jeong1, Samuel C Dudley

  • 1Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiovascular Institute of Lifespan, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University.

Circulation Journal : Official Journal of the Japanese Circulation Society
|March 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Diastolic dysfunction, or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), is poorly understood. New research suggests oxidative stress is key, offering hope for novel diagnostics and treatments for this common condition.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) affect a growing patient population.
  • Current understanding and treatments for HFpEF are limited, often failing due to reliance on systolic heart failure paradigms.
  • HFpEF likely involves distinct pathological mechanisms compared to systolic dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on diastolic dysfunction and HFpEF.
  • To review epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.
  • To highlight emerging research on the role of oxidative stress in HFpEF pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of general concepts, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

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  • Emphasis on experimental findings related to oxidative stress.
  • Synthesis of information to identify new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues.

    • Main Results:

    • HFpEF pathogenesis differs significantly from systolic heart failure.
    • Oxidative stress is implicated as a crucial factor in the development of certain forms of diastolic dysfunction.
    • Existing clinical trial approaches based on systolic dysfunction treatments have yielded disappointing results for HFpEF.

    Conclusions:

    • A deeper understanding of HFpEF pathophysiology is critical.
    • Oxidative stress presents a promising target for future therapeutic interventions in HFpEF.
    • New diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress may improve outcomes for patients with diastolic dysfunction and HFpEF.