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Related Concept Videos

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems01:28

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

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Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...
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Adsorption Isotherms I01:29

Adsorption Isotherms I

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Adsorption isotherms are mathematical models that describe how molecules in a gas or liquid phase interact with surfaces. Two of the most common isotherm models are the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, which relate to Type I monolayer chemisorption. The Langmuir model is based on four key assumptions:• Adsorption cannot exceed monolayer coverage.• All surface sites are equivalent.• Molecules adsorb only at vacant sites.• There are no interactions between adsorbed...
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Adsorption Isotherms II01:25

Adsorption Isotherms II

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Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) introduced a theory in 1938 that modified Langmuir's assumptions to explain multilayer physical adsorption. This theory is applicable to Type II isotherms and provides a more realistic picture of adsorption processes. The BET theory assumes a uniform solid surface with localized adsorption sites, where adsorption at one site doesn't affect adsorption at neighboring sites. This theory also allows for the possibility of additional molecules being adsorbed on top...
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Adsorption is a process where molecules, known as the adsorbates, accumulate on a surface, which is referred to as the adsorbent or substrate. Occurring at the solid-gas interface, this phenomenon is crucial in various scientific and industrial contexts. The reverse of adsorption is desorption.Two types of adsorptions exist: physical (physisorption) and chemical (chemisorption). Physisorption involves gas molecules held to the solid's surface by relatively weak intermolecular van der Waals...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Thermochemical Studies of NiII and ZnII Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
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Nucleation and interfacial adsorption in ternary systems.

T Philippe1

  • 1Normandie Université, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux (GPM), UMR CNRS 6634 BP 12, Avenue de l'Université, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|March 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals complex nucleation pathways in ternary fluids. Unexpected component segregation at the interface lowers the nucleation barrier, challenging classical theories.

Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Classical nucleation theory (CNT) provides a framework for understanding phase transitions.
  • Ternary fluid systems present complex thermodynamic landscapes not fully captured by CNT.
  • Understanding nucleation pathways is crucial for controlling material properties and processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate nucleation pathways in incompressible ternary fluids using continuum theory.
  • To compare the properties of critical nuclei with predictions from classical nucleation theory.
  • To elucidate the role of composition variations in the interfacial region during nucleation.

Main Methods:

  • Computation of minimum free energy paths (MFEPs) for nucleation using the string method.

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  • Analysis of the energy surface landscape topology.
  • Application of the continuum theory of nucleation for regular solutions.

    • Main Results:

    • MFEPs reveal complex nucleation pathways with non-monotonic composition variations in the interfacial region.
    • The minority component segregates at the interface during nucleation in symmetric regular solutions.
    • This segregation leads to an unpredicted partition of the non-selective component and lowers the nucleation barrier.

    Conclusions:

    • Nucleation in ternary fluids involves complex pathways not predicted by classical nucleation theory.
    • Compositional inhomogeneity at the interface, driven by component segregation, can significantly reduce nucleation barriers.
    • The findings necessitate refinements to nucleation theories to account for multi-component interfacial phenomena.