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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

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An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

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For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing...
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview01:27

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

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Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

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Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Atom Probe Tomography Studies on the CuIn,GaSe2 Grain Boundaries
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Atom-scale compositional distribution in InAlAsSb-based triple junction solar cells by atom probe tomography.

J Hernández-Saz1, M Herrera, F J Delgado

  • 1IMEYMAT, Dpto. de Ciencia de los Materiales e I.M. y Q.I., Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.

Nanotechnology
|June 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atom probe tomography revealed In- and Sb-rich regions in InAlAsSb layers for triple junction solar cells (TJSCs). These compositional fluctuations significantly impact optical properties and TJSC performance, necessitating statistical analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Semiconductor Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Indium Gallium Arsenide Antimonide (InAlAsSb) layers are crucial for advanced triple junction solar cells (TJSCs).
  • Previous studies indicated potential compositional variations within these layers.
  • Understanding material homogeneity is key to optimizing solar cell efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the atomic-scale composition of InAlAsSb layers using atom probe tomography (APT).
  • To identify and quantify the presence of indium (In)- and antimony (Sb)-rich regions.
  • To correlate compositional variations with optical properties and their impact on TJSC performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing atom probe tomography (APT) for high-resolution 3D atomic distribution analysis.
  • Performing statistical analysis on APT data to reveal subtle compositional fluctuations.
  • Examining the relationship between material composition and optical characteristics.

Main Results:

  • APT analysis confirmed the existence of distinct In- and Sb-rich regions within the InAlAsSb layers.
  • These compositional variations were not readily apparent from direct 3D atomic distribution visualization.
  • Statistical analysis was essential to quantify these small, yet significant, compositional fluctuations.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of In- and Sb-rich regions in InAlAsSb layers significantly affects their optical properties.
  • These microstructural variations ultimately influence the overall performance of triple junction solar cells (TJSCs).
  • Further research and material engineering are needed to control these fluctuations for enhanced solar cell efficiency.