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Related Concept Videos

Volume of Distribution01:20

Volume of Distribution

1.9K
The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter representing the hypothetical body fluid volume into which a drug disperses. It is calculated based on the total amount of drug in the body (estimated from the administered dose and bioavailability) divided by the plasma drug concentration. The total amount of drug in the body does not directly refer to the dose given but is derived by accounting for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes.
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Drug Distribution: Volume of Distribution01:25

Drug Distribution: Volume of Distribution

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The volume of distribution refers to the theoretical volume necessary to contain the entire amount of an administered drug at the same concentration observed in the blood plasma. The body's intracellular fluid compartment, which makes up two-thirds of the total body water, is contrasted with the extracellular fluid compartment—comprising plasma and interstitial fluid—that accounts for one-third. The volume of distribution can vary depending on the characteristics of the drug.
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Structure and Function of Erythrocytes01:29

Structure and Function of Erythrocytes

10.1K
There are between 4.2 and 6 million erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, in every microliter of blood. These cells are small, flattened biconcave discs with centers that are depressed.
The erythrocyte plasma membrane is associated with proteins such as spectrin, which forms a flexible cytoplasmic meshwork. This meshwork allows erythrocytes to twist, turn, become cup-shaped, and regain their biconcave shape as they pass through narrow capillaries. Additionally, erythrocytes can form...
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Blood Flow01:29

Blood Flow

79.2K
Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
79.2K
Drug Distribution: Overview01:11

Drug Distribution: Overview

1.4K
Drug distribution within the body is a dynamic process involving the movement of a drug in two directions across various compartments: from the bloodstream into tissues (tissue uptake) and from tissues back into the bloodstream (tissue release or redistribution). This process is passive and primarily driven by two variables: the concentration gradient between the bloodstream and the extravascular tissues and the drug's ability to cross the cell membrane.
Initially, the free drug in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Magnetic Levitation Coupled with Portable Imaging and Analysis for Disease Diagnostics
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Magnetic Levitation Coupled with Portable Imaging and Analysis for Disease Diagnostics

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Important details about the red cell distribution width.

Erdim Sertoglu1, Serkan Tapan, Metin Uyanik

  • 1Ankara Mevki Military Hospital, Anittepe Dispensary, Biochemistry Laboratory.

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis
|March 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Red cell distribution width (RDW) is linked to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Further research is needed to refine RDW

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a marker of erythrocyte anisocytosis.
  • RDW has been associated with various cardiovascular diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  • Previous studies have explored the relationship between RDW and AMI prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the methodology of a study by Wang et al. on RDW and AMI.
  • To suggest improvements for more reliable RDW assessment in predicting coronary artery disease (CAD) prognosis.
  • To enhance the credibility of research investigating RDW in cardiovascular disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on RDW and cardiovascular disease.
  • Analysis of potential confounding factors influencing RDW values.

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Controlled Microfluidic Environment for Dynamic Investigation of Red Blood Cell Aggregation
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Controlled Microfluidic Environment for Dynamic Investigation of Red Blood Cell Aggregation

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  • Identification of optimal RDW cut-off values for prognostic prediction.

    • Main Results:

    • The study by Wang et al. may lack comprehensive analysis of factors affecting RDW.
    • Exclusion criteria regarding metabolic comorbidities and white blood cell (WBC) count require refinement.
    • Optimizing RDW assessment can lead to more accurate prognostic predictions.

    Conclusions:

    • Refining the assessment of RDW, including controlling for confounding variables, is crucial.
    • Establishing specific RDW cut-off values and exclusion criteria will improve study reliability.
    • Further research with enhanced methodology will strengthen the understanding of RDW's role in AMI and CAD.