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Airway inflammation in children and adolescents with bronchiolitis obliterans

Martin Rosewich1, Ulrich M Zissler2, Tanja Kheiri1

  • 1Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis, Children's Hospital, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.

Cytokine
|March 10, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in children involves neutrophilic airway inflammation with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, impacting lung function and small airways. Therapies should target these small airway changes.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Airway inflammation is critical in chronic lung disease progression.
  • Characteristics of airway inflammation in childhood-onset bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) require further definition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine sputum cell and cytokine profiles in stable pediatric bronchiolitis obliterans (BO).
  • To correlate these profiles with lung function and small airway disease (SAD).

Main Methods:

  • Investigated 20 pediatric BO patients and 22 healthy controls.
  • Analyzed lung function, bronchial reversibility, and sputum cell/cytokine profiles (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-5, IFN-γ, NFκB) using RT-PCR and cytometric bead assay.

Main Results:

  • BO patients showed significantly reduced lung function (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/VC, MEF25) and increased RV/TLC.
  • Elevated airway inflammation markers (neutrophils, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, NFκB) were observed in BO patients.
  • Bronchial reversibility was present in 25% of BO patients.

Conclusions:

  • Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is characterized by neutrophilic inflammation and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in small airways.
  • This inflammation leads to tissue remodeling and fibrosis.
  • Future treatments for BO should focus on effectively targeting the small airways.
Abstract

Keywords:
Bronchiolitis obliteransPaediatric interstitial lung diseaseRare lung diseasesSputum

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