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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation
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Specific immunotherapy in atopic dermatitis.

Jungsoo Lee1, Chang Ook Park1, Kwang Hoon Lee2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research
|March 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergen specific immunotherapy (SIT) shows significant clinical improvement in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Further research is needed for biomarkers and standardized protocols to optimize this house dust mite (HDM) treatment.

Keywords:
Specific immunotherapyatopic dermatitisbiomarkerclinical efficacysubcutaneous immunotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Allergology

Background:

  • Allergen specific immunotherapy (SIT) is established for asthma and allergic rhinitis.
  • The efficacy of SIT for atopic dermatitis (AD) remains debated, with limited placebo-controlled trials.
  • House dust mite (HDM) extracts are commonly used in SIT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the basic mechanisms, treatment methods, and schedules of SIT in AD.
  • To highlight the clinical efficacy and safety profile of SIT in AD patients.
  • To discuss immunologic effects, biomarkers, and future research directions for SIT in AD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses on SIT for AD.
  • Summary of basic mechanisms and immunological effects of SIT.
  • Discussion of treatment protocols, preparations, and adverse reactions.

Main Results:

  • Several RCTs demonstrate significant clinical symptom improvement in AD patients treated with SIT.
  • A meta-analysis supports the positive efficacy of SIT in AD.
  • SIT for AD is associated with mild and controllable adverse reactions.

Conclusions:

  • SIT, particularly with HDM extracts, is a viable treatment option for AD, showing significant clinical benefits.
  • Identifying predictive biomarkers for treatment response and endpoints is crucial but challenging.
  • Standardization of treatment protocols and optimization of preparations are necessary for future SIT studies in AD.