Comparison of the Biological Impacts of the Fluoride Compounds by Graphical Risk Visualization Map Technique.

Area of Science:

• Toxicology
• Environmental Chemistry
• Materials Science

Background:

• Fluoride compounds are extensively utilized across various industries.
• Assessing the toxicological risks of diverse inorganic fluorides is crucial for industrial safety.
• Understanding fluoride bioavailability and excretion pathways is key to risk evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the toxicological risk of inorganic binary fluorides (XFn).
• To assess acute renal and hepatic damages from oral administration of different fluoride salts.
• To determine the influence of counter ions and solubility on fluoride toxicity and excretion.

Main Methods:

• Oral administration of 16 different inorganic fluoride salts (XFn) to experimental groups.
• Measurement of urinary fluoride, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, and creatinine clearance.
• Analysis of serum fluoride, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels.
• Development of a risk map using graphical visualization techniques.

Main Results:

• Sodium fluoride (NaF), potassium fluoride (KF), and zinc fluoride (ZnF2·4H2O) showed higher fluoride absorption and urinary excretion.
• These highly soluble fluorides were associated with the highest risk impact factors.
• Insoluble rare earth fluorides and slightly soluble group 2 and 13 fluorides exhibited lower toxicological risks.
• Biological impact of fluoride is significantly influenced by the counter ion and salt solubility.

Conclusions:

• The counter ion and solubility critically determine the toxicological impact and bioavailability of fluoride compounds.
• A graphical risk map is an effective tool for assessing the toxicological risks of chemical substances.
• Risk assessment should consider the specific chemical form and solubility of industrial fluoride compounds.