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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...

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Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism

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Altered Structural Brain Networks in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.

Kiho Im¹, Banu Ahtam¹, Daniel Haehn²

¹Division of Newborn Medicine Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

|March 10, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) disrupts brain networks, showing increased white matter diffusion and reduced interhemispheric connectivity. These changes correlate with disease severity and developmental delay, offering new insights into TSC's neurological impact.

Keywords:

brain networks developmental delay diffusion tensor imaging structural connectivity tuberous sclerosis complex

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Radiology
Genetics

Background:

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder causing benign tumors in multiple organs.
Brain involvement in TSC can lead to abnormal neural connections and diverse clinical phenotypes.
Understanding structural brain network alterations is crucial for managing TSC.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and detail disrupted structural brain networks in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) patients.
To compare white matter connectivity between TSC patients and typically developing controls.
To explore the relationship between white matter integrity, disease severity, and developmental delay in TSC.

Main Methods:

Structural and diffusion MRI were used to create whole-brain connectivity maps.
20 TSC patients and 20 typically developing controls (ages 3-24) participated.
Graph theoretical analysis assessed global and regional white matter connectivity using gyral and atlas-based parcellations.

Main Results:

TSC patients exhibited significantly higher mean diffusivity (MD) throughout the brain compared to controls.
Increased MD positively correlated with tuber load severity, primarily driven by elevated radial diffusivity.
Reduced interhemispheric connectivity was observed in TSC, leading to increased intra-hemispheric network segregation.
TSC patients with developmental delay showed higher MD, particularly in intra-hemispheric connections.

Conclusions:

Structural MRI reveals widespread white matter disruptions in TSC, characterized by increased MD and altered network connectivity.
Reduced interhemispheric connectivity and increased network segregation are key findings in TSC brain networks.
These findings provide objective measures of "lesion load" and enhance understanding of TSC's neurological mechanisms.