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Related Concept Videos

Concepts and Prototypes01:24

Concepts and Prototypes

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The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
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The representative heuristic describes a biased way of thinking, in which you unintentionally stereotype someone or something. For example, you may assume that your professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with your stereotypes of professors.
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Two key frameworks are employed to analyze mass, energy, and momentum transfer: the control volume approach and the system approach. These frameworks offer different perspectives, depending on whether the focus is on a specific region in space (control volume approach) or a defined mass of fluid (system approach).
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Schemata01:17

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A schema is a mental construct that organizes related concepts, allowing the brain to process information efficiently. Upon activation, schemata facilitate assumptions about people or objects.
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State Space Representation01:27

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The frequency-domain technique, commonly used in analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is effective for linear, time-invariant systems. However, it falls short when dealing with nonlinear, time-varying, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The time-domain or state-space approach addresses these limitations by utilizing state variables to construct simultaneous, first-order differential equations, known as state equations, for an nth-order system.
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The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
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Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
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Concept Representation Reflects Multimodal Abstraction: A Framework for Embodied Semantics.

Leonardo Fernandino1, Jeffrey R Binder1, Rutvik H Desai2

  • 1Department of Neurology.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|March 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Conceptual knowledge is encoded in sensory and motor brain areas. This study reveals a hierarchical system where object perception and interaction are distinctly represented, supporting embodied semantic theories.

Keywords:
conceptsembodimentfMRIlexical semanticsmultimodal processingsemantic memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Sensory and motor cortical areas are crucial for representing concepts.
  • The architecture of this representational system, especially higher-level integration, remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate multimodal sensory-motor contributions to semantic word processing.
  • Examine the neural representation of concepts across different sensory-motor attributes.

Main Methods:

  • Multivariate functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) design.
  • Analyzed brain activation for 900 words across five sensory-motor attributes: color, shape, visual motion, sound, and manipulation.
  • Used independent ratings to identify attribute relevance for each word.

Main Results:

  • Conceptual knowledge is encoded in multimodal and higher-level unimodal areas.
  • These areas are involved in processing sensory and motor information during perception and action.
  • A hierarchical system of abstracted sensory-motor representations was identified, with a key division between object interaction and perception.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support embodied theories of semantics, where concepts are grounded in sensory-motor experiences.
  • The brain employs a hierarchical structure for conceptual representation, distinguishing between object interaction and perception.