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A methodology to event reconstruction from trace images.

Quentin Milliet1, Olivier Delémont1, Eric Sapin1

  • 1Institut de Police Scientifique, Ecole des Sciences Criminelles, University of Lausanne, Batochime, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Science & Justice : Journal of the Forensic Science Society
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This study introduces a new methodology for event reconstruction using digital images. It provides a systematic, iterative approach to analyzing images as crucial evidence in criminal investigations.

Keywords:
AnalysisClassificationCollationForensicInvestigationVideo recordings

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Digital Image Analysis
  • Criminal Investigation

Background:

  • Digital imaging devices (CCTV, mobile phones) are ubiquitous, generating vast amounts of potential evidence.
  • Existing forensic literature primarily addresses technical aspects and evidence assessment, neglecting earlier investigative phases.
  • There is a need for a structured methodology to utilize images effectively in criminal investigations and event reconstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the first comprehensive methodology for event reconstruction using digital images.
  • To establish a systematic, iterative approach for analyzing image-based evidence in criminal cases.
  • To enhance the use of images as investigative clues and evidence in crime reconstruction.

Main Methods:

  • A formal methodology developed from practical experience and case studies.
  • A systematic approach involving preliminary analysis and four sequential, iterative steps: image detection/collection, quality/potential assessment, reconstruction (space, time, actions), and evidence evaluation/selection.
  • Emphasis on hypothetico-deductive reasoning to generate, refine, or eliminate investigative hypotheses.

Main Results:

  • The proposed methodology provides a structured framework for analyzing images throughout the investigation process.
  • Images are shown to elicit critical information about persons, objects, space, time, and actions.
  • The iterative nature of the methodology allows for progressive knowledge acquisition about an event.

Conclusions:

  • The developed methodology offers a sound basis for expanding the use of images as evidence in criminal investigations.
  • It provides a systematic approach to crime reconstruction, leveraging the full potential of digital image data.
  • This work addresses the neglected earlier steps in the investigative phase, offering a more complete use of image evidence.