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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

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Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

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Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

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Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme...
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

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Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
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Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
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Metabolic Dysfunction in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Tufik R Assad1, Anna R Hemnes

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, T1218 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.

Current Hypertension Reports
|March 11, 2015
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Summary

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a systemic disease linked to metabolic problems like insulin resistance. Research explores targeting these metabolic changes for new PAH treatments and monitoring strategies.

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Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Metabolic Medicine
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was once viewed as localized to lung circulation.
  • Emerging evidence reveals PAH as a systemic disorder with significant metabolic dysfunction.
  • Insulin resistance is implicated in PAH development, suggesting a causal link.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review pre-clinical and clinical studies on metabolic dysfunction in PAH.
  • To explore the link between metabolic derangements and PAH pathobiology.
  • To highlight research on novel diagnostics and therapeutics targeting metabolic pathways in PAH.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pre-clinical animal models of PAH.
  • Analysis of clinical studies investigating metabolic alterations in PAH patients.
  • Examination of research on aerobic glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and TCA cycle in PAH.

Main Results:

  • PAH is associated with widespread metabolic dysfunction, including in the pulmonary circulation and right ventricle.
  • Alterations in key metabolic pathways like glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation are observed in PAH.
  • Insulin resistance is frequently observed in PAH models and may be a causative factor.

Conclusions:

  • PAH involves complex metabolic derangements beyond the pulmonary vasculature.
  • Targeting metabolic pathways presents a promising therapeutic strategy for PAH.
  • Noninvasive monitoring of disease activity through metabolic markers is an active area of research.