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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

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Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
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Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
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The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Intraoperative Video Consultation Following Bile Duct Transection Facilitates Direct OR Transfer for Robotic Hepaticojejunostomy at Tertiary Center
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Post-liver Transplant Biliary Complications.

Tegpal Atwal1, Mariel Pastrana1, Bimaljit Sandhu1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, VCU Medical Center, Richmond, VA - 23298, USA.

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology
|March 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Biliary tract complications are frequent after liver transplants (LT), causing significant illness and death. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography is often effective, but surgery may be needed if it fails.

Keywords:
AS, anastomotic stricturesAnastomotic stricturesERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographyMRCP, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatographyNAS, non-anastomotic stricturesPTC, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiographySOD, sphincter of Oddi dysfunctionbile duct stricturebile leakbiliary complicationsnon-anastomotic stricturesorthotopic liver transplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Transplant Surgery
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Biliary tract complications are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in liver transplant recipients.
  • Incidence rates range from 5-30% after orthotopic liver transplantation, with mortality up to 10%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the incidence, clinical presentation, and management of biliary complications following liver transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of biliary complications after liver transplantation.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to complications, including hepatic artery issues, ischemia, immunologic factors, infections, and technical problems.
  • Overview of management strategies, encompassing both nonsurgical and surgical interventions.

Main Results:

  • Common causes include hepatic artery thrombosis/stenosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, immunologic injury, infections, and technical issues like anastomosis or T-tube problems.
  • Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography is a primary treatment modality for many biliary complications.
  • Percutaneous intervention or surgery may be necessary if endoscopic treatment is unsuccessful.

Conclusions:

  • Biliary complications significantly impact liver transplant outcomes.
  • A multimodal approach to diagnosis and management is essential.
  • Early recognition and appropriate intervention, often starting with ERCP, can improve patient outcomes.