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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Vaccine Production01:23

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Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
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In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.
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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...
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Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Live bacterial vaccine vectors: an overview.

Adilson José da Silva1, Teresa Cristina Zangirolami1, Maria Teresa Marques Novo-Mansur2

  • 1Departamento de Engenharia Química Universidade Federal de São Carlos São CarlosSP Brazil Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology : [Publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]
|March 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Live bacterial vectors, engineered for safety, deliver antigens to stimulate mucosal and systemic immunity. These versatile vaccine platforms show promise for infectious diseases and cancer immunotherapy.

Keywords:
DNA vaccineantigen presentationbacterial vectorcancer vaccinevaccine delivery system

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Genetically modified bacteria serve as live vectors for delivering antigens.
  • These vectors stimulate both mucosal and systemic immune responses.
  • They offer a safe platform for vaccine development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize characteristics of live bacterial vectors.
  • To discuss novel applications in vaccinology.
  • To explore their potential in infectious disease and cancer vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering of attenuated microorganisms and bacteria.
  • Delivery of recombinant antigens, DNA vaccines, and cytokines.
  • Exploitation of adjuvant and invasive properties for immune enhancement.

Main Results:

  • Live bacterial vectors effectively stimulate humoral and cellular immunity.
  • They are capable of preventing pathogen colonization at mucosal surfaces.
  • Applications extend to developing anti-cancer vaccines.

Conclusions:

  • Live bacterial vectors are versatile tools in modern vaccinology.
  • Ongoing development enhances their antigenic potential and broadens applications.
  • These systems offer promising new strategies for disease prevention and treatment.