Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Volume rejuvenation of the lower third, perioral, and jawline
Edward D Buckingham1, Robert Glasgold2, Theda Kontis3
1Director, Buckingham Center for Facial Plastic Surgery, Austin, Texas.
Abstract:
This is the third and final article discussing volumetric rejuvenation of the face. The previous two articles, Rejuvenation of the Upper Third and Management of the Middle Third, focused on the upper two-thirds of the face while this article focuses on the lower face, including the marionette area, jawline, and neck. Again, the authors of the previous two articles have provided a summary of rejuvenation utilizing a product of which they are considered an expert. Robert Glasgold has provided volumetric analysis of the region as an introduction.
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