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Related Experiment Videos

Molecular approaches to vertebrate limb morphogenesis.

S M Smith1, K Pang, O Sundin

  • 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Retinoic acid, a vitamin A derivative, acts as a morphogen in embryonic development, influencing limb development and digit patterning. Its concentration and interaction with cellular retinoic-acid-binding protein (CRABP) are crucial for specifying cell fate.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Morphogen concentration gradients are proposed to specify cell fate during embryonic development.
  • Retinoic acid (RA), the active form of vitamin A, is emerging as a key morphogen in vertebrate systems.
  • RA influences embryonic limb patterning, as demonstrated by changes in chick wing digit formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental evidence supporting retinoic acid as a morphogen in limb development.
  • To evaluate the role of cellular retinoic-acid-binding protein (CRABP) in regulating retinoic acid receptor activity.
  • To explore the relationship between retinoic acid and the spatio-temporal expression of homeobox genes in developing limbs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental data on retinoic acid's role in limb morphogenesis.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Order of magnitude calculations to assess CRABP's effect on retinoic acid receptor binding.
  • Analysis of spatio-temporal expression patterns of homeobox genes in developing limbs.

    • Main Results:

    • Local application of retinoic acid to chick wing buds induces a mirror-image symmetrical digit pattern (432234) instead of the normal pattern (234).
    • Limb buds possess high levels of CRABP, which may modulate retinoic acid signaling by affecting receptor occupancy.
    • Retinoic acid's potential influence on the expression patterns of key homeobox genes is discussed.

    Conclusions:

    • Retinoic acid is a strong candidate morphogen involved in embryonic limb development and digit patterning.
    • CRABP likely plays a regulatory role in retinoic acid signaling pathways within the developing limb.
    • Further investigation into the interaction between retinoic acid and homeobox gene expression is warranted to understand limb morphogenesis.