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Obstructive sleep apnoea in craniofacial microsomia: a systematic review
C J J M Caron1, B I Pluijmers1, K F M Joosten1
1The Dutch Craniofacial Centre, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Sophia's Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Insights
Children with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) have a high risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This review found a wide prevalence range (7-67%) of OSA in CFM patients, highlighting the need for further research.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Medicine
- Otolaryngology
- Sleep Medicine
Background:
- Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a congenital condition affecting facial development.
- Children with CFM often experience airway abnormalities, increasing their risk for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the existing literature on the prevalence of OSA in pediatric patients diagnosed with CFM.
- To synthesize current data on OSA diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes in this population.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science).
- Included studies reported on CFM patients, OSA presence, polysomnography findings, and treatment outcomes.
- Data extraction focused on patient numbers, characteristics, OSA prevalence, and management strategies.
Main Results:
- Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria; four reported OSA prevalence ranging from 7% to 67%.
- Surgical interventions were more frequently documented than conservative treatments for OSA in CFM patients.
- The literature suggests a link between CFM and OSA, but data quality is variable.
Conclusions:
- OSA is a significant concern for children with craniofacial microsomia.
- Current evidence is limited by a lack of prospective studies and objective measurements.
- Further high-quality prospective research is essential to accurately determine OSA prevalence and guide management in CFM patients.
Abstract:
Children with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) are at risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This systematic review provides an overview of the literature on the prevalence of OSA in children with CFM. A search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for articles on CFM and OSA. The following data were extracted from the articles: number of patients, patient characteristics, presence of OSA, polysomnography outcomes, and the treatments and outcomes of OSA. We included 16 articles on CFM and OSA, four of which reported the prevalence of OSA (range 7-67%). Surgical treatment was more often described in these patients than conservative treatment. According to the literature, OSA is related to CFM. However, as there have been no prospective studies and few studies have presented objective measurements, no definitive conclusions can be drawn. Prospective studies are needed to determine the prevalence of OSA in patients with CFM.
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