Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation

The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...

Signs of Puberty

Signs of Puberty

Puberty is a critical phase, typically beginning between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls and 9 and 14 in boys, though timing can vary based on genetics, environmental factors, and overall health. This period is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the attainment of reproductive potential. Endocrine changes underpin puberty, with hormonal surges of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) instigated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)...

Menopause

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

ESHRE recommendations on Good Practice in the IVF laboratory†.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2026

Same author

Integrating PGT-A into PGT-M protocols in young ART-naïve patients undergoing single embryo transfer.

Reproductive biomedicine online·2026

Same author

Random start natural progesterone-primed ovarian stimulation (NPPOS) enables maximal flexibility: analysis of 1202 freeze-all cycles.

Reproductive biomedicine online·2026

Same author

Appraisal of Sexual Life Among Midlife and Older Transgender People in The Netherlands Receiving Long-Term Gender-Affirming Medical Care.

Journal of sex & marital therapy·2026

Same author

Cost-effectiveness of time-lapse monitoring with or without the use of embryo selection software compared to routine incubation and selection.

Human reproduction open·2026

Same author

Gonadotrophin type and antral follicle count-adjusted follicular recruitment and oocyte yield in 4525 antagonist cycles.

Reproductive biomedicine online·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Published on: January 10, 2025

Antimüllerian hormone levels decrease in female-to-male transsexuals using testosterone as cross-sex therapy.

Mirte R Caanen¹, Remi S Soleman², Esther A M Kuijper¹

¹Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Fertility and Sterility

|March 17, 2015

Summary

Hormonal androgenic treatment significantly lowered antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels in female-to-male individuals. This finding challenges the hypothesis that androgens increase AMH, suggesting AMH levels should be interpreted alongside other reproductive endocrine factors.

Keywords:

Antimüllerian hormone androgens folliculogenesis polycystic ovary syndrome transgender

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancing Human Ovarian Repair and Cancer Studies with Surface Epithelium Organoids

Author Spotlight: Advancing Human Ovarian Repair and Cancer Studies with Surface Epithelium Organoids

Published on: August 16, 2024

A Hyperandrogenic Mouse Model to Study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

A Hyperandrogenic Mouse Model to Study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Published on: October 2, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Published on: January 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Human Ovarian Repair and Cancer Studies with Surface Epithelium Organoids

Author Spotlight: Advancing Human Ovarian Repair and Cancer Studies with Surface Epithelium Organoids

Published on: August 16, 2024

A Hyperandrogenic Mouse Model to Study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

A Hyperandrogenic Mouse Model to Study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Published on: October 2, 2018

Area of Science:

Reproductive Endocrinology
Endocrinology
Gynecology

Background:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with elevated antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels.
It is hypothesized that androgens contribute to high AMH by promoting the development of small antral follicles.
The precise role of androgens in AMH regulation remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of hormonal androgenic treatment on serum AMH levels in female-to-male (FtM) transsexuals.
To explore the relationship between androgens and AMH dynamics in the context of folliculogenesis.

Main Methods:

Observational, prospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary academic medical center.
Twenty-two healthy FtM individuals undergoing androgenic treatment (testosterone and aromatase inhibitor) with GnRH agonist suppression.
Measurement of AMH and other reproductive hormones before and after a 16-week treatment period.

Main Results:

Androgenic treatment led to a significant decrease in AMH concentrations (from 4.4 ± 4.4 μg/L to 1.4 ± 2.1 μg/L).
A pronounced suppression of AMH secretion was observed over 16 weeks of treatment.
Hormone levels measured included AMH, inhibin B, testosterone, androstenedione, DHEAS, E2, SHBG, LH, and FSH.

Conclusions:

The study highlights the significant role of androgens in regulating folliculogenesis.
Findings challenge the notion that androgens induce elevated AMH levels, a feature often seen in PCOS.
AMH levels should be interpreted considering other reproductive endocrine parameters.