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Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....

Assessment of apical pulse

Assessment of apical pulse

Assessing the Apical Pulse
Assessing the apical pulse is a critical nursing procedure, particularly indicated for:

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation III: AED Use

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation III: AED Use

Introduction to AEDAn Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable medical device that analyzes the heart's rhythm and, if necessary, delivers an electrical shock to help the heart re-establish an effective rhythm during sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). SCA occurs when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating, leading to a loss of blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. In such emergencies, time is of the essence, and using an AED, combined with Cardiopulmonary...

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...

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Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges

Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges

Published on: February 25, 2016

Best practices for ECG screening in children.

Victoria L Vetter¹

¹The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Journal of Electrocardiology

|March 20, 2015

Summary

Sudden cardiac arrest screening for athletes is inconsistent in the US. Italy

Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Cardiology
Public Health

Background:

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) poses a risk to young athletes.
Current US preparticipation screening lacks standardization.
International screening protocols vary significantly.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate current SCA screening practices for athletes.
To compare US and international screening models.
To propose best practices for athlete cardiac screening.

Main Methods:

Review of US preparticipation screening forms.
Analysis of Italian electrocardiogram-based screening data.
Comparison of American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations.

Keywords:

ECG screening Electrocardiography Pediatrics Sudden cardiac arrest Sudden cardiac death

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Main Results:

US screening is non-standardized and excludes electrocardiograms.
Italy's electrocardiogram-inclusive screening correlates with reduced SCA incidence.
AHA guidelines do not recommend routine electrocardiograms for athletes.

Conclusions:

Standardized, electrocardiogram-inclusive screening may reduce SCA in athletes.
Further research is needed to establish optimal screening protocols.
Current US practices may not adequately identify at-risk individuals.