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Macronutrient intake and stomach cancer.
Jinfu Hu1, Carlo La Vecchia, Eva Negri
1Science Integration Division, Social Determinants and Science Integration Directorate, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, AL: 6807B, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada, jinfu.hu@phac-aspc.gc.ca.
Cancer Causes & Control : CCC
|March 21, 2015
Summary
High saturated fat intake is linked to increased stomach cancer risk, especially for gastric cardia cancer. This dietary factor may elevate cancer risk in obese individuals and women.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Epidemiology
- Gastroenterology
- Oncology
Background:
- Stomach cancer remains a significant global health concern.
- Dietary factors are implicated in the etiology of various cancers, including gastric cancer.
- Understanding macronutrient associations with stomach cancer risk is crucial for public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between the intake of specific macronutrients and the risk of developing stomach cancer.
- To assess these associations within a Northern American population context.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 1,181 stomach cancer cases and 5,039 controls across eight Canadian provinces.
- Dietary intake assessed via mailed food frequency questionnaires between 1994 and 1997.
- Statistical analysis using unconditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for total energy intake and other confounders.
Main Results:
- Increased intake of total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol showed significant positive associations with stomach cancer risk.
- Higher consumption of total fiber was inversely associated with stomach cancer risk (p = 0.03).
- Positive associations for total and saturated fat were more pronounced in women, overweight/obese individuals, and ever-smokers. Saturated fat intake was strongly linked to gastric cardia cancer risk (OR = 3.31).
Conclusions:
- Dietary patterns high in saturated fat appear to elevate the risk of stomach cancer.
- The association between saturated fat and stomach cancer risk is particularly notable for gastric cardia cancer.
- Obesity and female sex may modify the risk associated with high saturated fat consumption.
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