Epidemiologic design and analysis for proteomic studies: a primer on -omic technologies

Area of Science:

• Clinical Proteomics
• Biomarker Discovery
• Translational Research

Background:

• Proteome analysis is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms and identifying biomarkers.
• Current proteomic investigations face challenges in comparability and translational relevance.
• Effective biomarker discovery and validation are key to improving patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

• To appraise the current status of proteomic investigations using human samples.
• To review state-of-the-art proteomic technologies and data evaluation.
• To identify strategies for enhancing the translational relevance of proteomic studies.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of highly cited clinical proteomic studies (Jan 2009-Mar 2014, >=100 samples).
• Evaluation of proteomic technologies, sample preparation, and data analysis approaches.
• Assessment of epidemiologic, statistical, and translational issues in proteomic research.

Main Results:

• Limited comparability and lack of biomarker context of use are common issues.
• Initial successes in biomarker discovery and validation have been observed.
• Translational potential is hampered by unaddressed limitations in current investigations.

Conclusions:

• Enhanced interdisciplinary communication and collaboration are vital.
• A systematic translational outlook and resource assimilation are needed.
• Improving proteomic investigations can augment public health impact through better biomarker application.