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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...

Other Disorders of Digestive System

Other Disorders of Digestive System

The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Laparoscopy-endoscopy Cooperative Surgery for the Treatment of Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Laparoscopy-endoscopy Cooperative Surgery for the Treatment of Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Published on: February 19, 2022

[Gastric sarcoidosis].

I V Maev, D N Andreev, Iu A Kucheriavyĭ

Klinicheskaia Meditsina

|March 24, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sarcoidosis, a multisystemic disease, can affect the stomach, causing rare gastric sarcoidosis (GS). Diagnosis relies on biopsy, and treatment involves glucocorticoids and proton pump inhibitors.

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Gene Regulation and Targeted Therapy in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis: Radiological Findings from Dual Energy CT and PET/CT

Gene Regulation and Targeted Therapy in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis: Radiological Findings from Dual Energy CT and PET/CT

Published on: January 22, 2018

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Immunology
Pathology

Context:

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease of unknown origin.
Gastrointestinal tract involvement is rare, with gastric sarcoidosis (GS) being exceptionally uncommon.
Gastric sarcoidosis can be isolated or part of a generalized sarcoidosis process.

Purpose:

To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment of gastric sarcoidosis.
To highlight the rarity and diagnostic challenges of GS.
To outline the recommended therapeutic approach for GS.

Summary:

Gastric sarcoidosis presents asymptomatically or with symptoms like epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting due to mucosal erosion or ulceration.
Endoscopic findings may include gastric narrowing, pre-pyloric ulcers, erosion, atrophy, or thickened folds resembling a "cobblestone pavement".
Histological examination of gastric biopsies revealing non-caseificating epithelioid cell granulomas is definitive for GS diagnosis.

Impact:

This information aids clinicians in recognizing and diagnosing rare gastric sarcoidosis.
Understanding the endoscopic and histological features improves diagnostic accuracy.
Standardized treatment recommendations, including glucocorticoids and proton pump inhibitors, guide patient management.