Long-term follow-up after allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Transplantation Medicine
• Oncology

Background:

• Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a life-saving procedure performed on over 3000 individuals annually in Germany.
• While allo-HSCT survival rates have improved, long-term complications significantly impact patient quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the long-term sequelae of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).
• To highlight the prevalence and impact of chronic complications following allo-HSCT.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of pertinent articles from PubMed.
• Inclusion of current international guidelines.
• Exclusion of case reports.

Main Results:

• High incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) (50-70% within 10 years).
• Increased risk of infections, gonadal dysfunction (up to 99%), liver dysfunction, and metabolic disturbances (40-50%).
• Reduced life expectancy compared to the general population.

Conclusions:

• Preventive measures and individualized, multidisciplinary follow-up care are essential for allo-HSCT survivors.
• Prospective clinical trials and standardized data registries are needed to improve long-term care and understanding of allo-HSCT sequelae.