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Related Concept Videos

Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

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Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
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Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

Published on: December 30, 2025

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Facial transplantation: historical developments and future directions.

G L Garrett1, I Beegun2, A D'souza1

  • 1ENT Department, Lewisham Health Care NHS Trust,London,UK.

The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
|March 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Facial transplantation shows promising results for improving patients' quality of life and social integration. Further long-term studies are needed to fully understand aesthetic and functional outcomes, alongside addressing remaining challenges.

Keywords:
Composite Tissue Allografts

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Innovation
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Facial transplantation is a complex procedure offering potential for significant functional and aesthetic restoration.
  • Early adoption by pioneering surgical teams has generated initial data on clinical outcomes.
  • Reviewing these initial experiences is crucial for understanding the current state of the field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile and analyze the clinical outcomes from the world's first facial transplant teams.
  • To review current practices and identify ongoing controversies in facial transplantation.
  • To assess the potential of facial transplantation in improving patient quality of life and social reintegration.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive bibliographic search of Medline and Embase databases from 1980 to the present.
  • Comparative analysis of all published articles on facial transplantation.
  • Screening of manuscripts by two independent investigators based on pre-defined inclusion criteria.

Main Results:

  • A total of 17 facial transplants were documented: 12 partial and 5 full.
  • Procedures involved various techniques, including myocutaneous and osteomyocutaneous grafts.
  • Fifteen patients received fully vascularized grafts; two experienced transplant-related or infectious complications.

Conclusions:

  • Facial transplantation demonstrates potential to enhance recipients' quality of life and facilitate social reintegration.
  • Initial outcomes reported by early facial transplant teams are encouraging.
  • Long-term data on aesthetic and functional results are essential, as are resolutions to technical, medical, and ethical challenges.