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Epigenomes as therapeutic targets.

Christopher A Hamm1, Fabricio F Costa2

  • 1Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Box 220, Chicago, IL 60611-2605, USA.

Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|March 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetics involves heritable gene expression changes without altering DNA sequence. Novel epigenetic therapies offer improved targeting and efficacy for treating diseases by modulating the epigenome.

Keywords:
Complex DiseasesDNA MethylationEpigeneticsEpigenomesHistone ModificationsTherapeutics

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Epigenetics describes heritable gene expression changes without DNA sequence alteration.
  • The epigenome, encompassing all genomic epigenetic modifications, is crucial for gene regulation in development and disease.
  • Established epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation and histone modifications, with emerging roles for non-coding RNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epigenetic mechanisms contributing to disease.
  • To discuss current and developing epigenetic therapies.
  • To explore the future clinical applications of epigenetic therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Analysis of current epigenetic therapies targeting DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases.
  • Examination of next-generation epigenetic therapies and their potential improvements.
  • Discussion of clinical applications and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Aberrant epigenetic signaling is a key factor in human diseases.
  • Epigenetic modifications are reversible, presenting therapeutic opportunities.
  • Current therapies offer clinical benefits but next-generation approaches promise enhanced targeting, delivery, and efficacy.
  • Novel therapies aim to improve outcomes when combined with chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic dysregulation is central to numerous diseases.
  • The reversibility of epigenetic modifications fuels therapeutic innovation.
  • Next-generation epigenetic therapies hold significant potential for improving clinical outcomes and patient treatment.