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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

523
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
523
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

466
AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
466
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

484
Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
484
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

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Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling
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Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling

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Group C Streptococcus Causing Rheumatic Heart Disease in a Child.

Harsha K Chandnani1, Renu Jain1, Pisespong Patamasucon1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|March 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Group C Streptococcus infections are rare but can lead to rheumatic heart disease in children. Early recognition of symptoms like chorea is vital for prompt diagnosis and management.

Keywords:
carditisgroup C Streptococcuspediatricsrheumatic heart disease

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Rheumatology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Group C Streptococcus (GCS) infections are uncommon in humans, with reported cases including pharyngitis, glomerulonephritis, and bacteremia.
  • In pediatric populations, GCS has been linked to food-borne illnesses, pneumonia, endocarditis, and meningitis.

Observation:

  • A previously healthy 7-year-old female presented with progressive abnormal movements and facial grimaces.
  • Laboratory results showed proteinuria, elevated antistreptolysin-O and anti-DNAse antibody titers.
  • Echocardiogram revealed mild-to-moderate mitral regurgitation.

Findings:

  • This case highlights a rare instance of group C Streptococcus infection leading to rheumatic heart disease in a child.
  • The diagnosis was supported by clinical presentation, serological markers, and echocardiographic findings.

Implications:

  • Emergency physicians must be aware of GCS as a potential cause of rheumatic heart disease, especially in children presenting with chorea, carditis, or rash.
  • Prompt recognition and management of GCS-related rheumatic heart disease are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
  • Increased awareness can lead to timely follow-up and appropriate treatment, preventing long-term cardiac complications.