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Related Concept Videos

The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Microbial cooperation involves beneficial interactions in which different species work together for individual or mutual advantage. These interactions can profoundly influence ecological dynamics and evolutionary processes, and they are essential to many pathogenic and symbiotic relationships.Nematode–Bacteria CooperationA striking example is the relationship between the Gram-negative bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila and the parasitic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. Juvenile nematodes...
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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more...
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Mutualism is a symbiotic interaction in which all participating organisms benefit. These relationships can be obligate or facultative and are fundamental to ecosystem functions across diverse biological systems.Plant–Fungi MutualismOne well-known example is the association between plant roots and mycorrhizal fungi, such as Rhizophagus species. The fungal hyphae penetrate the root hairs and the epidermis, forming an extensive hyphal network that establishes a symbiotic association. Through...
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Interkingdom networking within the oral microbiome.

Angela H Nobbs1, Howard F Jenkinson1

  • 1School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom.

Microbes and Infection
|March 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Different oropharyngeal sites host distinct microbial communities. Understanding these microbial and host interactions, particularly metabolic signaling, is key to oral health and disease research.

Keywords:
BiofilmsCandida albicansMicrobial communitiesPorphyromonasQuorum sensingStreptococcus

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oral biology
  • Host-microbe interactions

Background:

  • The oropharynx contains diverse microbial communities specific to different anatomical sites.
  • Host-microbe co-evolution has established intricate interkingdom communication networks.
  • Metabolic signaling plays a vital role in these complex biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the unique microbial communities residing in different oropharyngeal sites.
  • To explore the role of metabolic signaling in interkingdom communication within the oropharynx.
  • To identify novel microbial communication factors involved in oral health and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Microbial community profiling of various oropharyngeal sites.
  • Analysis of metabolic pathways and signaling molecules.
  • Identification of novel microbial factors through advanced sequencing and bioinformatics.

Main Results:

  • Distinct microbial communities were identified across different oropharyngeal locations.
  • Evidence of complex interkingdom signaling networks involving metabolic pathways was observed.
  • Novel microbial communication factors potentially influencing oral health were discovered.

Conclusions:

  • Oropharyngeal microbial communities exhibit site-specific diversity.
  • Interkingdom metabolic signaling is a critical factor in oral homeostasis and disease.
  • Further research into these networks can elucidate oral disease etiology.