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Improved Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) for Neural Stimulation.

Himadri Shekhar Mandal1, Jemika Shrestha Kastee1, Daniel Glenn McHail2

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Neuromodulation : Journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
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Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) with tetrafluoroborate (TFB) shows superior stability for neural micro-stimulation compared to poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and CNT variants. This conductive polymer offers promising long-term performance for neural interfaces.

Keywords:
Conductive polymerPEDOTneural stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Conductive polymers like poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) are crucial for neural interfaces.
  • Assessing PEDOT stability under physiological conditions is vital for reliable neural stimulation and recording.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the in vitro and in vivo stability of three PEDOT variations for neural micro-stimulation.
  • To evaluate PEDOT films with tetrafluoroborate (TFB) and poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) counter-ions, including PSS combined with carbon nanotubes (CNTs).

Main Methods:

  • Coating micro-wires and neural micro-probes with PEDOT variations.
  • In vitro testing in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 60°C with applied current pulses.
  • In vivo implantation in rat motor cortex with chronic stimulation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis.

Main Results:

  • PEDOT-TFB demonstrated more stable voltage output in vitro and in vivo compared to PEDOT-PSS and PEDOT-PSS-CNT.
  • EIS modeling indicated that polymer degradation, not tissue response, primarily affects output voltage.
  • Neural unit activity remained stable for PEDOT-TFB electrodes, unlike PEDOT-PSS and PEDOT-PSS-CNT.

Conclusions:

  • PEDOT-TFB exhibits enhanced stability for neural micro-stimulation and recording applications.
  • The choice of counter-ion significantly impacts the long-term performance of PEDOT-based neural interfaces.
  • PEDOT-TFB is a promising material for developing durable neural recording and stimulation devices.