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Association of atherosclerosis with dyslipidemia and co-morbid conditions: A descriptive study

Ravinder Garg1, Simmi Aggarwal2, Raj Kumar3

  • 1Department of Medicine, GGS Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India.

Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine
|March 27, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Dyslipidemia patients often have higher waist and hip measurements. The risk of arterial plaques significantly increases when dyslipidemia is combined with coronary artery disease or hypertension.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Medical Diagnostics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Dyslipidemia is a primary driver of cardiovascular diseases, contributing to atherosclerosis via lipid deposition in arterial walls.
  • Assessing atherosclerosis markers like increased intima-medial thickness (IMT) and plaques in common carotid arteries (CCAs) is crucial for understanding disease progression.
  • This study focuses on a North Indian population to investigate dyslipidemia's impact on atherosclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the incidence and association of atherosclerotic plaques and increased IMT in the common carotid arteries (CCAs) of dyslipidemic patients.
  • To determine the influence of co-morbid conditions, such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension (HT), on atherosclerosis in dyslipidemic individuals.
  • To compare the risk of atherosclerosis in isolated dyslipidemia versus dyslipidemia with co-existing risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 88 dyslipidemic patients (30-80 years old) from North India.
  • Measurements included blood pressure, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and fasting lipid profiles.
  • B-mode sonography was utilized to assess intima-medial thickness (IMT) in the common carotid arteries (CCAs).

Main Results:

  • Dyslipidemia patients exhibited higher average waist and hip circumferences compared to normal subjects.
  • Increased IMT was observed in 36.36% of patients, and atherosclerotic plaques in 29.54%.
  • The odds ratio (OR) for plaques was significantly higher in patients with dyslipidemia and coronary artery disease (OR=11.43) or dyslipidemia, CAD, and hypertension (OR=24) compared to isolated dyslipidemia.

Conclusions:

  • Dyslipidemia patients present with increased waist and hip circumferences.
  • The incidence and odds ratio of atherosclerotic plaques are notably higher in patients with combined dyslipidemia and coronary artery disease (with or without hypertension) compared to isolated dyslipidemia.
  • Intensified treatment strategies are recommended for dyslipidemic patients with multiple co-existing risk factors to mitigate atherosclerosis progression.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseasescarotid intimo-medial thicknessco-morbid conditionscommon carotid arterieship circumferencehypertensionrisk factorswaist circumference

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