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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

2.9K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
2.9K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.7K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

2.0K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
2.0K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.6K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.6K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.7K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.7K
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.8K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.8K

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Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
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Nonstandard Higgs couplings from angular distributions in [Formula: see text].

Gerhard Buchalla1, Oscar Catà1,2,3, Giancarlo D'Ambrosio4

  • 1Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333  Munich, Germany.

The European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields
|March 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study calculates Higgs boson decay rates using an effective Lagrangian framework. It reveals new physics insights from decay form factors, offering more detail than integrated dilepton mass spectra.

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Area of Science:

  • High Energy Physics
  • Particle Physics
  • Quantum Field Theory

Background:

  • The Standard Model describes fundamental particles and forces.
  • Higgs boson decays are crucial for probing beyond Standard Model physics.
  • Effective field theories provide a model-independent way to study new physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compute the fully differential decay rate of the Higgs boson.
  • To explore new physics effects in Higgs boson decays using an electroweak chiral Lagrangian.
  • To investigate the utility of decay form factors for accessing information on new physics.

Main Methods:

  • Calculation of fully differential decay rates.
  • Employment of the most general matrix elements within an effective Lagrangian framework.
  • Utilizing an electroweak chiral Lagrangian with minimal particle content and Standard Model gauge symmetries.

Main Results:

  • The study provides a method to obtain information on new physics from decay form factors.
  • This information is shown to be inaccessible when integrating over angular variables in the dilepton-mass spectrum.
  • Form factors are directly related to effective Lagrangian coefficients, enabling estimation of new physics effects.

Conclusions:

  • The differential decay rate of the Higgs boson can reveal subtle new physics effects.
  • Decay form factors offer a more sensitive probe of new physics than integrated spectra.
  • The framework allows for the estimation of potential new physics contributions to Higgs decays.