Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

19.9K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
19.9K
Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity01:25

Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity

134
Bioactivation is a metabolic process that transforms less reactive substances into highly reactive metabolites, initiating tissue toxicity. This transformation can lead to various toxic effects, including carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Reactive metabolites are classified into two main types: electrophiles and free radicals.Electrophiles are electron-deficient species and are produced primarily by the enzyme cytochrome P-450 during the metabolism of compounds containing carbon, nitrogen, or...
134
Mutations01:35

Mutations

46.5K
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
46.5K
Isotopes and Radioisotopes01:28

Isotopes and Radioisotopes

13.9K
In the early 1900s, English chemist Frederick Soddy realized that an element could have atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called isotopes — atoms of the same element that differ in mass. Isotopes differ in mass because they have different numbers of neutrons but are chemically identical because they have the same number of protons. Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for this discovery.
An isotope containing...
13.9K
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

5.9K
DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
5.9K
Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

1.3K
Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Heparin treatment mitigates radiation-induced oral mucositis in mice by interplaying with repopulation processes.

Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al]·2019
Same author

The Principles and Practice of Re-irradiation in Clinical Oncology: An Overview.

Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))·2017
Same author

[Biological mechanisms of radiation effects].

Der Radiologe·2017
Same author

Late inflammatory and thrombotic changes in irradiated hearts of C57BL/6 wild-type and atherosclerosis-prone ApoE-deficient mice.

Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al]·2014
Same author

Distant metastasis in patients with cervical cancer after primary radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy and image guided adaptive brachytherapy.

Gynecologic oncology·2014
Same author

Effects of bone marrow or mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on oral mucositis (mouse) induced by fractionated irradiation.

Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al]·2014
Same journal

Geiger-Müller counter tube survey metres with resolving times greater than approximately 2000 µs should not be used for contamination inspection at Operational Intervention Level 4.

Annals of the ICRP·2026
Same journal

A multidisciplinary challenge to assess the next-generation risks of low-dose-rate long-term gamma-ray exposure by whole-genome sequencing in the mouse model.

Annals of the ICRP·2026
Same journal

Rethinking tissue reactions to radiation exposure: The tissue-sparing effect as a threshold for radiation-induced male infertility.

Annals of the ICRP·2026
Same journal

Do not waste time and money for AOP: Admitting LNT as a scientific fact is the highest priority for revised general recommendation.

Annals of the ICRP·2026
Same journal

Haematopoietic stem cells in an organ-on-a-chip system for longterm ionising radiation studies.

Annals of the ICRP·2026
Same journal

Data that revolutionise the fundamentals of radiation protection over 100 years and WAM model.

Annals of the ICRP·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Author Spotlight: Radiotherapy and Clonogenic Assays for Advancing Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine
05:39

Author Spotlight: Radiotherapy and Clonogenic Assays for Advancing Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine

Published on: April 5, 2024

1.4K

Radiobiology of tissue reactions.

W Dörr1

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiooncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University Vienna/Vienna General Hospital, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria wolfgang.doerr@meduniwien.ac.at.

Annals of the ICRP
|March 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiation exposure causes diverse tissue effects, including early and late reactions, influenced by dose and tissue type. Understanding these effects is crucial for predicting outcomes and developing mitigation strategies.

Keywords:
BiomarkerDose fractionationDose rateInterventionRadiopathologyRepopulationTissue reactionsVolume effect

More Related Videos

Use of a Linear Accelerator for Conducting In Vitro Radiobiology Experiments
06:08

Use of a Linear Accelerator for Conducting In Vitro Radiobiology Experiments

Published on: May 26, 2019

8.1K
Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
06:20

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Author Spotlight: Radiotherapy and Clonogenic Assays for Advancing Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine
05:39

Author Spotlight: Radiotherapy and Clonogenic Assays for Advancing Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine

Published on: April 5, 2024

1.4K
Use of a Linear Accelerator for Conducting In Vitro Radiobiology Experiments
06:08

Use of a Linear Accelerator for Conducting In Vitro Radiobiology Experiments

Published on: May 26, 2019

8.1K
Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
06:20

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Radiation oncology
  • Radiobiology
  • Medical physics

Background:

  • Radiation exposure impacts all normal tissues, leading to complex interactions between organs.
  • Tissue reactions manifest as early, late, consequential late, and very late effects, often involving the immune system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms and dose-response relationships of radiation-induced tissue effects.
  • To analyze how exposure conditions modulate these effects and their latent times.
  • To explore the impact of organ architecture on radiation consequences.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing radiobiological principles and clinical observations.
  • Analysis of dose-effect relationships for various tissue components and endpoints.
  • Examination of the influence of dose rate, fractionation, and exposure volume.

Main Results:

  • Late effects' latent times are inversely related to biologically equieffective dose.
  • Dose-rate reduction and fractionation primarily affect late-responding tissues.
  • Organ architecture (tubular vs. parallel) dictates the consequences of partial exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Radiation effects are dose-dependent and tissue-specific, with distinct temporal patterns.
  • Understanding tissue-specific responses and exposure parameters is key to predicting outcomes.
  • Future research should focus on biomarkers for individual risk and mitigation strategies.