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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
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Lower urinary tract cancer.

Claire M Cannon1, Sara D Allstadt2

  • 1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|April 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common lower urinary tract tumor in dogs and cats. While challenging to control locally, systemic therapy can improve clinical signs and quality of life.

Keywords:
ChemotherapyProstate tumorRadiation therapyTransitional cell carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Oncology
  • Comparative Pathology

Background:

  • Lower urinary tract neoplasia is rare in domestic animals.
  • Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) represents the predominant tumor type affecting the lower urinary tract in both canine and feline patients.
  • Clinical manifestations of urinary tract tumors are often nonspecific, necessitating a high index of suspicion in older animals, those with known risk factors, or individuals presenting with persistent, severe, or recurrent clinical signs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of lower urinary tract neoplasia in dogs and cats.
  • To highlight the diagnostic considerations and therapeutic strategies for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in these species.
  • To discuss the challenges in local disease control and the role of systemic therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on canine and feline lower urinary tract neoplasia.
  • Analysis of clinical signs, risk factors, and diagnostic approaches.
  • Evaluation of treatment modalities, including local control and systemic therapy.

Main Results:

  • Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most frequent lower urinary tract malignancy in dogs and cats.
  • Local tumor burden frequently dictates patient outcomes, with local control being difficult due to tumor size and anatomical location.
  • Systemic treatment is the primary therapeutic approach, offering potential for clinical sign alleviation and enhanced quality of life.

Conclusions:

  • Lower urinary tract neoplasia, particularly TCC, requires careful consideration in affected animals.
  • Effective management hinges on systemic therapy due to challenges in local disease control.
  • While prognosis is often guarded, therapeutic interventions can lead to meaningful improvements in patient well-being.