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Related Concept Videos

Meiosis II02:02

Meiosis II

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Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
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Meiosis II01:57

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Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each...
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Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

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Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
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Meiosis I01:49

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Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by...
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M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

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Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
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Use of Time-Lapse Microscopy and Stage-Specific Nuclear Depletion of Proteins to Study Meiosis in S. cerevisiae
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Kif18a is specifically required for mitotic progression during germ line development.

Anne Czechanski1, Haein Kim2, Candice Byers1

  • 1The Jackson Laboratory, Genetic Resource Science, Bar Harbor, ME 04609.

Developmental Biology
|April 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Genome integrity is crucial for fertility. A mutation in KIF18A causes infertility by disrupting germ cell mitosis, highlighting its unique role in germ line cell cycle progression.

Keywords:
Cell cycleGametogenesisGerm cellsKinesinLaboratory mouseMitosisMitotic spindle

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Germ line genome integrity is essential for reproductive success.
  • Mitotic checkpoints ensure accurate chromosome segregation in somatic and germ cells.
  • Specific mitotic regulators may be uniquely required in the germ line.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular basis of infertility in germ cell deficient 2 (gcd2) mutant mice.
  • To determine the role of KIF18A in germ cell development and genome integrity.
  • To explore differential requirements for chromosome alignment in germ versus somatic cells.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of a missense mutation (R308K) in the KIF18A motor domain in gcd2 mutant mice.
  • Functional analysis of the mutation in HeLa cells and germ cells.
  • Assessment of mitotic progression, chromosome alignment, and cell fate in response to KIF18A deficiency.

Main Results:

  • The gcd2 mutation affects KIF18A, a kinesin involved in chromosome alignment during mitosis.
  • The R308K mutation in KIF18A functionally impairs the protein, similar to KIF18A deficiency in somatic cells.
  • Somatic cells tolerate chromosome alignment defects, while germ cells undergo mitotic arrest and apoptosis.

Conclusions:

  • KIF18A plays a critical role in germ cell cycle progression and genome maintenance.
  • Germ cells have distinct requirements for chromosome alignment compared to somatic cells.
  • Kif18a is essential for proliferating germ cells, underscoring unique germ line cell cycle dependencies.