Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems01:17

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems

1.6K
Gram-negative bacteria utilize sophisticated protein secretion systems to transport proteins across their double-membrane envelope into the extracellular environment or host cells. Based on their mechanism of action, these systems are classified into one-step and two-step pathways.One-Step Secretion Systems (Types I, III, IV, and VI)One-step secretion systems bypass the periplasm entirely, forming a continuous channel that spans both the inner and outer membranes:Type I Secretion System (T1SS):...
1.6K
Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion01:26

Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion

1.1K
Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...
1.1K
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

11.1K
Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
11.1K
Regulation of Bacterial Virulence01:28

Regulation of Bacterial Virulence

57
Pathogenic bacteria employ a range of regulatory mechanisms to modulate the expression of virulence genes in response to environmental and host-derived signals. These mechanisms ensure that virulence factors are expressed only under favorable conditions, thereby optimizing infection and survival strategies.Mechanisms of Virulence RegulationKey regulatory strategies include:Two-Component Systems: These consist of a membrane-bound sensor kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator. Environmental...
57
Mechanism of Conjugation01:19

Mechanism of Conjugation

1.6K
Bacterial conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer that enables the exchange of genetic material between bacterial cells through direct contact. This process is facilitated by a donor cell carrying a conjugative plasmid, which encodes genes necessary for pilus formation, DNA replication, and transfer. The conjugative plasmid plays a central role in initiating and executing the transfer of genetic material.The tra region of the conjugative plasmid encodes proteins responsible for...
1.6K
Exocrine Glands: Methods of Secretion01:08

Exocrine Glands: Methods of Secretion

12.0K
Exocrine glands are those that release their secretions through ducts. Based on their mode of secretion, they can be classified into merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine.
Merocrine Secretion
Merocrine secretion is the most common type of exocrine secretion. The secretions are enclosed in vesicles and moved to the cell's apical surface, where the contents are released by exocytosis. For example, mucous, a watery secretion rich in the glycoprotein mucin, is a merocrine secretion. The eccrine...
12.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

<i>Vibrio campbellii</i> encodes a distinct set of type III secretion system effectors that mediate cytotoxicity in eukaryotic host models.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Inhibition of FicD-mediated AMPylation and deAMPylation by isoprenoid diphosphates.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Inhibition of FicD-mediated AMPylation and deAMPylation by Isoprenoid Diphosphates.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

A critical role for <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> LPS to mediate evasion of host immune response during infection.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Complete genome sequences of <i>Vibrio coralliilyticus</i> strains ATCC BAA-450 and OCN014.

Microbiology resource announcements·2025
Same author

Genetic and Microbial Analysis of Invasiveness for Escherichia coli Strains Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology·2025
Same journal

Increased rates of hybridization in swordtails are associated with water pollution.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

Visual uncertainty and task demands shape active sensing strategies in mice.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

An adaptable, self-organizing, single-cell morphology circuit optimizes suctorian predatory trap structure.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

Temporal tuning of switch-like virulence expression resolves environmental uncertainty through phenotypic heterogeneity.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

An abstract relational map emerges in the human medial prefrontal cortex with consolidation.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

Phloem evolved gradually and asynchronously to xylem in early vascular plants.

Current biology : CB·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

A Visual Assay to Monitor T6SS-mediated Bacterial Competition
08:45

A Visual Assay to Monitor T6SS-mediated Bacterial Competition

Published on: March 20, 2013

16.3K

Type VI secretion system.

Dor Salomon1, Kim Orth1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|April 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteria use Type VI Secretion Systems (TTVSS) as weapons to deliver toxins and eliminate competitors. This research explores these essential bacterial survival mechanisms.

More Related Videos

High Resolution Electron Microscopy of the Helicobacter pylori Cag Type IV Secretion System Pili Produced in Varying Conditions of Iron Availability
09:05

High Resolution Electron Microscopy of the Helicobacter pylori Cag Type IV Secretion System Pili Produced in Varying Conditions of Iron Availability

Published on: November 21, 2014

16.2K
Coincubation Assay for Quantifying Competitive Interactions between Vibrio fischeri Isolates
07:43

Coincubation Assay for Quantifying Competitive Interactions between Vibrio fischeri Isolates

Published on: July 22, 2019

8.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

A Visual Assay to Monitor T6SS-mediated Bacterial Competition
08:45

A Visual Assay to Monitor T6SS-mediated Bacterial Competition

Published on: March 20, 2013

16.3K
High Resolution Electron Microscopy of the Helicobacter pylori Cag Type IV Secretion System Pili Produced in Varying Conditions of Iron Availability
09:05

High Resolution Electron Microscopy of the Helicobacter pylori Cag Type IV Secretion System Pili Produced in Varying Conditions of Iron Availability

Published on: November 21, 2014

16.2K
Coincubation Assay for Quantifying Competitive Interactions between Vibrio fischeri Isolates
07:43

Coincubation Assay for Quantifying Competitive Interactions between Vibrio fischeri Isolates

Published on: July 22, 2019

8.8K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Bacteria operate in highly competitive environments, necessitating sophisticated survival strategies.
  • Interbacterial competition is a key driver of microbial evolution and community structure.
  • Type VI Secretion Systems (T6SS) are complex molecular machines found in many bacterial species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms and functions of Type VI Secretion Systems in bacterial survival.
  • To describe how T6SS mediate the delivery of effector proteins into target cells.
  • To highlight the role of T6SS in interbacterial antagonism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on T6SS.
  • Analysis of structural and functional data of T6SS components.
  • Description of effector protein families delivered by T6SS.

Main Results:

  • T6SS are versatile nanomachines capable of delivering a wide array of toxic effectors.
  • These systems function like an inverted bacteriophage, injecting effectors directly into neighboring cells.
  • T6SS contribute to bacterial fitness by enabling nutrient acquisition and eliminating competitors.

Conclusions:

  • Type VI Secretion Systems are critical for bacterial survival and competition.
  • Understanding T6SS provides insights into bacterial warfare and potential therapeutic targets.
  • Further research into T6SS will reveal more about bacterial social interactions and evolution.