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Related Concept Videos

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
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Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

Tension Response at Adherens Junctions

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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
α-Catenin as a Mechanosensory Protein
The α-catenin of adherens junctions is an allosteric protein with three VH (vinculin...
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Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM01:23

Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM

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Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of proteins and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are essential for the migration and proliferation of cells through the dense matrix network, throughout embryonic development, and throughout morphogenesis. The first MMP activity discovered was a collagenase in a tadpole's tail undergoing metamorphosis. The active collagen deposition and modifications lead to the morphogenesis of tadpoles into the adult...
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Role of Myosin in Cell Migration01:18

Role of Myosin in Cell Migration

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Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
Myosin II  is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction....
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Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

A Simplified System for Evaluating Cell Mechanosensing and Durotaxis In Vitro
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A Simplified System for Evaluating Cell Mechanosensing and Durotaxis In Vitro

Published on: August 27, 2015

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Matrix, mesenchyme, and mechanotransduction.

Daniel J Tschumperlin1

  • 1Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Annals of the American Thoracic Society
|April 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The lung

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary science and extracellular matrix biology.

Background:

  • The lung's extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support and influences cell behavior.
  • Fibroblasts and other mesenchymal cells deposit and organize the lung ECM, with regional variations in composition and mechanics.
  • The ECM plays a critical role in lung development, homeostasis, and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of the lung's extracellular matrix in cellular function and disease.
  • To investigate how ECM biochemical composition and mechanical properties impact lung resident cells.
  • To identify therapeutic targets for lung diseases involving matrix abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced technologies to analyze lung ECM biochemical composition and mechanical properties.
  • Investigating cell-matrix interactions on normal and disease-derived matrices.
Keywords:
extracellular matrixfibroblastfibrosislung

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  • Studying mechanically activated pathways and disease-related ECM molecules.

    • Main Results:

    • Pathologic matrix stiffness promotes profibrotic signaling and alters cell function.
    • The ECM significantly influences the behavior of lung resident cells.
    • Novel disease-related changes in ECM characteristics have been identified.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding cell-matrix regulatory systems is crucial for lung tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
    • The lung ECM's mechanical and biochemical properties are key determinants of cell function and disease pathology.
    • Targeting ECM dysregulation offers potential therapeutic strategies for fibrotic lung diseases.