Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

2.1K
Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
2.1K
Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

9.3K
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
9.3K
ECG Interpretation of Rhythms01:24

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

20.1K
An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....
20.1K
Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

16.4K
The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
16.4K
Cardiac Action Potential01:30

Cardiac Action Potential

10.6K
Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials
10.6K
Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias01:30

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

488
Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...
488

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Why The Polyvagal Theory Is Untenable: An international expert evaluation of the polyvagal theory and commentary upon Porges, S.W. (2025). Polyvagal theory: current status, clinical applications, and future directions. Clin. Neuropsychiatry, 22(3), 169-184.

Clinical neuropsychiatry·2026
Same author

Human-derived cardiac-neural microtissues reveal catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is also a disease of the sympathetic neuron.

The Journal of physiology·2026
Same author

Anti-arrhythmic targeting of sympathetic stellate ganglion P2X3 receptors.

The Journal of physiology·2025
Same author

Structural determinants of re-entrant drivers in atrial fibrillation: insights from digital twins derived from 3D micrometre-resolution imaging of human heart.

The Journal of physiology·2025
Same author

Immersion-Based Clearing and Autofluorescence Quenching in Myocardial Tissue.

Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994)·2025
Same author

Multimodal, device-based therapeutic targeting of the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system.

Nature reviews. Cardiology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
10:17

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

Published on: April 11, 2025

2.3K

Forward problem of electrocardiography: is it solved?

Laura R Bear1, Leo K Cheng1, Ian J LeGrice1

  • 1From the Auckland Bioengineering Institute (L.R.B., L.K.C., I.J.L., G.B.S., N.A.L., D.J.P., B.H.S.), Department of Physiology (I.J.L., D.J.P., B.H.S.), and Department of Medicine (N.A.L.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque IHU-LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, CRCTB U1045; Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045; and Inserm U1045, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (L.R.B.); Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (N.A.L.); and Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.J.P.).

Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
|April 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Homogeneous models for electrocardiography forward problems create significant spatial errors. These inaccuracies likely impact the precision of inverse solutions for cardiac potentials.

Keywords:
body surface potential mappingelectrocardiographyepicardial mapping

More Related Videos

Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function
05:03

Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function

Published on: December 11, 2019

9.2K
In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
09:09

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: May 27, 2022

2.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
10:17

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

Published on: April 11, 2025

2.3K
Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function
05:03

Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function

Published on: December 11, 2019

9.2K
In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
09:09

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: May 27, 2022

2.4K

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computational Electrophysiology

Background:

  • The forward problem in electrocardiography relates epicardial to body surface potentials.
  • Accurate forward problem solutions are crucial for solving the inverse problem, which reconstructs epicardial potentials from body surface data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally evaluate the accuracy of different forward models for electrocardiography.
  • To compare homogeneous and inhomogeneous volume conductor models in simulating body surface potentials.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated body surface potentials from simultaneous epicardial recordings in pigs (n=5).
  • Constructed experiment-specific volume conductor models using MRI.
  • Compared simulated potentials from homogeneous and inhomogeneous models against measured body surface potentials.

Main Results:

  • Homogeneous and inhomogeneous models showed no significant difference in overall correlation (0.85±0.08).
  • Homogeneous models predicted body surface potential extrema with 55%-78% greater differences and greater attenuation (10%-171%) compared to measurements.
  • Inhomogeneous models reduced, but did not eliminate, these spatial inaccuracies.

Conclusions:

  • Homogeneous volume conductor models introduce substantial spatial inaccuracies in forward problem solutions.
  • These inaccuracies likely compromise the precision of inverse reconstructions of cardiac potentials.