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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers created adjustable Moiré diffractive spiral phase plates. This optical device allows continuous tuning of helical charge for generating various Laguerre-Gauss (LG) beams.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Diffractive Optics
    • Beam Shaping

    Background:

    • Spiral phase plates (SPPs) are crucial for generating optical vortex beams.
    • Controlling the helical charge of SPPs typically requires fabricating new elements for each desired charge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and demonstrate a novel Moiré diffractive spiral phase plate (MDSPP) with continuously adjustable helical charge.
    • To enable flexible generation of Laguerre-Gauss (LG) beams with tunable properties.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of two axially stacked diffractive elements with conjugate structures using gray-scale photolithography.
    • Utilizing the mutual rotation angle between the stacked elements to control the joint transmission function.
    • Experimental demonstration using a TEM(00) beam as input.

    Main Results:

    • Successful fabrication of MDSPPs with 200 nm pixel size and 128 phase levels in fused silica.
    • Experimental generation of approximated Laguerre-Gauss (LG) beams with continuously adjustable helical charge.
    • Demonstration of a variable radius for the ring-shaped intensity distribution of the generated LG beams.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed MDSPP offers a versatile platform for on-demand generation of optical vortex beams.
    • This technology provides a flexible and continuous method for tuning the helical charge and beam properties.
    • The findings have potential applications in optical manipulation, communication, and quantum information processing.