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Acute hyperkinetic syndrome due to ephedrone abuse
Anna Dolgan1, Slawomir Budrewicz, Magdalena Koszewicz
1From the Department of Neurology (AD, SB, MK, KS, MZ, EK-G, RP), and Department of General Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (BJ), Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska, Wroclaw, Poland.
Objectives:
A new form of manganese poisoning is related to the intravenous use of self-prepared methcathinone hydrochloride (ephedrone). Manganese encephalopathy typically manifests as a levodopa-resistant parkinsonism.
Main Points:
A 32-year-old drug-addicted man with acute gait disturbances after the ephedrone injections was presented. Choreic movements, severe postural instability, and "cock-walk" gait were observed. Magnetic resonance imaging T1 images showed high signal intensity of white matter in the basal ganglia and pituitary gland, and T2 images showed decreased signal mostly of globus pallidus with decreased N-acetylaspartate and choline levels in MR spectroscopy.
Conclusions:
The unusual pattern of MR imaging may explain the unusual clinical symptoms with dominant hyperkinetic syndrome.