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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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Positron Emission Tomography01:29

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body...
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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
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Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Computed Tomography-guided Time-domain Diffuse Fluorescence Tomography in Small Animals for Localization of Cancer Biomarkers
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Tomography of spatial mode detectors.

I B Bobrov, E V Kovlakov, A A Markov

    Optics Express
    |April 4, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a new method to calibrate spatial mode detectors using Gaussian beams, simplifying analysis and improving accuracy for holographic techniques in photon detection.

    Area of Science:

    • Quantum optics
    • Photonics
    • Quantum information science

    Background:

    • Higher-order spatial mode transformation and detection often rely on complex holographic methods.
    • Holographic spatial mode detectors require careful calibration due to inherent non-idealities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel, simplified method for analyzing projective measurements in spatial mode bases.
    • To calibrate spatial mode detector responses using readily available Gaussian beams.
    • To investigate and quantify inaccuracies in existing spatial mode transformation techniques.

    Main Methods:

    • Inspired by quantum detector tomography, a new calibration approach was developed.
    • The method utilizes Gaussian beams for detector response calibration.

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  • Full statistical reconstruction of positive operator valued measure (POVM) elements for holographic detectors was performed.

    • Main Results:

    • The novel method allows for detector calibration using only Gaussian beams.
    • Experimental investigation revealed inherent inaccuracies in current mode transformation methods.
    • A complete statistical reconstruction of POVM elements for holographic spatial mode detectors was achieved.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed method offers a more accessible and accurate way to analyze and calibrate spatial mode detectors.
    • This technique addresses the limitations of traditional holographic methods.
    • The findings contribute to improved precision in quantum optical experiments involving spatial modes.