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Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
Published on: June 16, 2020
Management of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease
Sandra Chartrand1, Aryeh Fischer2
1Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Clinic, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, 5415 Boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec H1T 2M4, Canada.
Abstract:
A thorough, often multidisciplinary assessment to determine extrathoracic versus intrathoracic disease activity and degrees of impairment is needed to optimize the management of connective tissue disease (CTD)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD). Pharmacologic intervention with immunosuppression is the mainstay of therapy for all forms of CTD-ILD, but should be reserved for those that show clinically significant and/or progressive disease. The management of CTD-ILD is not yet evidence based and there is a need for controlled trials across the spectrum of CTD-ILD. Nonpharmacologic management strategies and addressing comorbidities or aggravating factors should be included in the comprehensive treatment plan for CTD-ILD.
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A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations: