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Mesoscopic structure of neuronal tracts from time-dependent diffusion.

Lauren M Burcaw1, Els Fieremans1, Dmitry S Novikov1

  • 1Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.

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Diffusion MRI measurements reveal neuronal structure by analyzing how water diffuses. This study shows diffusion is influenced by short-range disorder in fiber packing, impacting axon diameter mapping.

Keywords:
Axonal diametersDiffusionMRIMicrostructureTime dependenceWhite matter

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biophysics
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Interpreting diffusion MRI measurements in terms of neuronal structure at a micrometer level remains a challenge.
  • Understanding the relationship between water diffusion and the mesoscopic structure of neuronal tissue is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically and experimentally investigate the time-dependent diffusion coefficient transverse to fiber bundles.
  • To explore the impact of short-range disorder in fiber packing on diffusion MRI metrics.
  • To provide an alternative interpretation for axonal diameter mapping techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of diffusion transverse to fiber bundles.
  • Monte Carlo simulations of water diffusion.
  • Measurements using a phantom of parallel fibers mimicking axons.
  • Analysis of histological data from the splenium for short-range disorder.

Main Results:

  • The time-dependent diffusion coefficient approaches its macroscopic limit slowly, in a (ln t)/t fashion due to short-range disorder.
  • Short-range disorder in fiber packing leads to a logarithmic singularity.
  • Extra-axonal water diffusion contributes more significantly than intra-axonal water diffusion.
  • Asymptotically linear frequency dependence of the diffusion coefficient with oscillating gradients was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Diffusion MRI metrics are sensitive to the axonal arrangement within fiber tracts.
  • Short-range disorder in neuronal tissue influences diffusion measurements.
  • The findings offer a new perspective on interpreting diffusion MRI for axonal diameter mapping.