Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...

Schemas

Schemas

A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Dosage compensation and meiotic sex chromosome inactivation are maintained under relaxed selection.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same author

Occupational and personal factors contributing to participation in occupational health promotion programs for employees in nursing home facilities: a secondary analysis of the PROCARE study.

BMC nursing·2026

Same author

Different formations, different patterns: An integrated approach combining entropy, machine learning, and XAI to analyze passing networks in soccer.

Journal of sports sciences·2026

Same author

The impact of practice constraints on the emergence of movement variability and creativity in a boxing task.

Acta psychologica·2026

Same author

Visual-spatial demands in sports: An empirical survey based study.

Acta psychologica·2026

Same author

The priming Effect and its impact on sport performance and difficulty judgment: Evidence from Olympic Bouldering.

Psychology of sport and exercise·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

Asymmetries in spatial perception are more prevalent under explicit than implicit attention.

Benjamin Noël¹, John van der Kamp², Matthias Weigelt³

¹German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.

Consciousness and Cognition

|April 4, 2015

Summary

Spatial perception errors, like line misbisection, are linked to how much attention is paid to the midpoint. Explicit attention to the goal line

Keywords:

Attentional asymmetries Implicit perception Line bisections Off-centre effect Penalty kicking

More Related Videos

Virtual Reality Tools for Assessing Unilateral Spatial Neglect: A Novel Opportunity for Data Collection

Virtual Reality Tools for Assessing Unilateral Spatial Neglect: A Novel Opportunity for Data Collection

Published on: March 10, 2021

Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments

Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments

Published on: March 18, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

Virtual Reality Tools for Assessing Unilateral Spatial Neglect: A Novel Opportunity for Data Collection

Virtual Reality Tools for Assessing Unilateral Spatial Neglect: A Novel Opportunity for Data Collection

Published on: March 10, 2021

Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments

Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments

Published on: March 18, 2019

Area of Science:

Cognitive psychology
Neuroscience
Spatial perception

Background:

Observers exhibit systematic errors in spatial perception, particularly when bisecting lines.
Previous research indicates a rightward bias in line bisection tasks within extra-personal space.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between explicit attention to a midpoint and spatial misperception.
To determine if spatial perception asymmetries are more pronounced under explicit versus implicit attention.

Main Methods:

Participants positioned a soccer goalkeeper at the midpoint of a goal line, with explicit attention drawn to the midpoint.
Participants then took a penalty kick, with implicit attention to the goal's center.
Performance was analyzed based on goalkeeper placement and kick direction.

Main Results:

Participants placed the goalkeeper to the right of the actual center, confirming a rightward bias.
Despite believing the goalkeeper was centered, penalty kicks were directed more often towards the larger side of the goal.
Spatial perception asymmetries were more evident when attention was explicitly focused on the midpoint.

Conclusions:

Explicit attention to a line's midpoint influences spatial perception and leads to systematic errors.
The study highlights how attentional focus modulates spatial biases in perception and action.
Findings suggest that implicit attention may be less susceptible to spatial misperceptions observed under explicit scrutiny.