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Cervical cancer prevention: immunization and screening 2015.
Lauren Thaxton1, Alan G Waxman1
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC 10 5580, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
The Medical Clinics of North America
|April 6, 2015
Summary
Primary and secondary prevention strategies for cervical cancer are now available. Human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization and cotesting with HPV tests improve cancer prevention and screening effectiveness.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Public Health
Background:
- Cervical cancer prevention encompasses both primary and secondary strategies.
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are responsible for a significant majority of cervical cancers.
- Recent updates in screening guidelines incorporate HPV testing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the advancements in cervical cancer prevention.
- To emphasize the role of HPV immunization in preventing cervical and other anogenital cancers.
- To discuss the benefits of updated cervical cancer screening protocols.
Main Methods:
- Review of current primary prevention methods, including HPV vaccination.
- Analysis of secondary prevention through cervical cancer screening.
- Evaluation of cotesting with cytology and HPV testing.
Main Results:
- HPV immunization targeting types 16 and 18 can prevent approximately 70% of cervical cancers.
- HPV testing, when used in cotesting, enhances screening sensitivity and negative predictive value compared to cytology alone.
- Updated screening guidelines recommend cotesting for improved detection.
Conclusions:
- HPV vaccination offers robust primary prevention against cervical cancer.
- Integrated HPV testing into screening protocols significantly improves detection rates and patient outcomes.
- Combined vaccination and updated screening represent a comprehensive approach to cervical cancer control.
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