Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

5.2K
Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
5.2K
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

2.4K
The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
2.4K
Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

1.5K
The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
1.5K
The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

6.9K
The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a...
6.9K
Secretory Phase01:19

Secretory Phase

2.8K
The secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, spanning from day 14 to 28 in a typical 28-day cycle, is a period of significant physiological changes in the female reproductive system. This phase commences immediately after ovulation and is characterized by the preparation of the endometrium for potential embryo implantation.
Following ovulation, the corpus luteum, a temporary endocrine structure, produces progesterone and estrogens. These hormones stimulate the growth and coiling of endometrial...
2.8K
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

4.9K
The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
4.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Changes in Liver Disease Etiology Support a Lower Alpha-Fetoprotein Threshold for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Screening.

Gastroenterology·2025
Same author

Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing and Prevalence Among Veterans With and Without Military Sexual Trauma.

Journal of general internal medicine·2025
Same author

Validation and expansion of Baveno VII criteria for cACLD and CSPH based on liver stiffness and platelet count: Correlation with risk of hepatic decompensation and death.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)·2024
Same author

Hepatic Steatosis Estimated by VCTE-Derived CAP Scores Was Associated With Lower Risks of Liver-Related Events and All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Chronic Liver Diseases.

The American journal of gastroenterology·2024
Same author

Perioperative Liver and Kidney Diseases.

The Medical clinics of North America·2024
Same author

Perioperative Risk in Patients With Cirrhosis.

Gastroenterology & hepatology·2024
Same journal

Care Transitions Continue to Evolve.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Navigating the Gaps: A Comprehensive Overview of Care Transitions Across the Continuum.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Care Transitions and Value-Based Payment Models in the United States.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Technology and Innovation in Care Transitions: Imagining the Future of Postdischarge Care.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Primary Care, Specialists, and Hospitals: Bridging the Gaps in Communication and Coordination.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Social Determinants of Health: Unique Considerations in Transitions of Care.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice
14:26

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice

Published on: April 7, 2014

16.4K

Menopause.

Traci A Takahashi1, Kay M Johnson2

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, and VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, S-123-PCC, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.

The Medical Clinics of North America
|April 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Menopause involves hormonal changes causing symptoms like hot flashes and genitourinary issues. While hormone therapy helps, its effects on cardiovascular health, cognition, and mood require further research.

Keywords:
EstrogenHormone therapyHot flashesMenopauseVasomotor symptomsVulvovaginal atrophy

More Related Videos

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

13.1K
Author Spotlight: Investigating the Relationship Between FSH and Pathophysiological Changes in Perimenopausal Women - Insights from a Mouse Model
05:32

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Relationship Between FSH and Pathophysiological Changes in Perimenopausal Women - Insights from a Mouse Model

Published on: August 11, 2023

2.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice
14:26

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice

Published on: April 7, 2014

16.4K
An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

13.1K
Author Spotlight: Investigating the Relationship Between FSH and Pathophysiological Changes in Perimenopausal Women - Insights from a Mouse Model
05:32

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Relationship Between FSH and Pathophysiological Changes in Perimenopausal Women - Insights from a Mouse Model

Published on: August 11, 2023

2.7K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive endocrinology
  • Gerontology
  • Women's health

Background:

  • Menopause impacts women for approximately one-third of their lives.
  • Symptoms arise from hormonal shifts and aging during and after reproductive years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the common symptoms and conditions associated with menopause.
  • To discuss the efficacy and evolving understanding of hormonal treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of menopausal symptoms and treatments.
  • Analysis of hormonal changes and aging effects.

Main Results:

  • Menopausal transition characterized by irregular cycles, hot flashes, and night sweats.
  • Post-menopause features genitourinary symptoms (atrophy, dryness) and lower urinary tract issues.
  • Hormonal treatment effectively manages vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Hormonal therapy offers relief for specific menopausal symptoms.
  • Further investigation is needed on the long-term impacts of hormone therapy on cardiovascular health, cognitive function, and depression.