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Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications
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Injectable hydrogels derived from phosphorylated alginic acid calcium complexes.

Han-Sem Kim1, Minsoo Song1, Eun-Jung Lee1

  • 1Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Chungnam, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Chungnam, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea.

Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications
|April 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed injectable phosphorylated alginic acid calcium (CaPAlg) hydrogels for soft tissue engineering. These novel CaPAlg hydrogels demonstrate excellent injectability, suitable mechanical properties, and biocompatibility for cell encapsulation.

Keywords:
Cell and drug deliveryIn vivo injectable hydrogelPhosphorylated alginic acid calcium complexes

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Sodium alginate (NaAlg) is a widely used biomaterial for hydrogel formation.
  • Developing injectable hydrogels with enhanced properties is crucial for soft tissue engineering applications.
  • Modifying alginate to improve its characteristics for biomedical use is an active area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a water-dispersible phosphorylated alginic acid calcium complex (CaPAlg).
  • To develop injectable CaPAlg-based hydrogels for soft tissue engineering.
  • To evaluate the physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of the developed hydrogels.

Main Methods:

  • Phosphorylation of NaAlg using H3PO4/P2O5/Et3PO4 followed by reaction with Ca(OAc)2 to form CaPAlg.
  • Characterization of CaPAlg using NMR, ICP-OES, FTIR, and TGA.
  • Preparation of CaPAlg hydrogels by mixing CaPAlg and NaAlg solutions.
  • Assessment of gelation time, mechanical properties (compressive strength, elastic modulus), SEM morphology, and in vitro cytotoxicity and cell encapsulation.

Main Results:

  • CaPAlg was successfully synthesized as a water-dispersible derivative.
  • Injectable CaPAlg/NaAlg hydrogels formed rapidly (3-40 min) without external calcium salts.
  • Hydrogels exhibited porous morphology (100-800 μm pores) and suitable mechanical properties (compressive strength ≤6.7 kPa, elastic modulus ~8.4 kPa/mm).
  • In vitro cell culture demonstrated comparable cytotoxicity and cell encapsulation to pure alginate hydrogels.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CaPAlg hydrogels possess suitable physicochemical and mechanical properties for injection in vivo.
  • These injectable hydrogels show promise for applications in soft tissue engineering.
  • CaPAlg represents a valuable alginate derivative for advanced biomaterial development.